University of Oxford

The University of Oxford is situated in a city that bears the same name. This medium-sized city lies around 57 miles north-west of London, England. Oxford, the most seasoned college in the English-talking world, is an autonomous and self-overseeing instituition made out of the focal University and 39 schools. The schools select and concede college understudies, select graduate understudies in the wake of being conceded by the college, give suppers and lodging, give libraries and social offices, and are in charge of instructional exercise educating and understudies' welfare. Thirty universities and seven lasting private corridors concede students and all schools aside from St. Hilda's – which is ladies just - acknowledge men and ladies. 

Eight universities concede just graduate understudies. Global Students Oxford pulls in understudies and researchers from everywhere throughout the world and keeps up supporting grants uncommonly devoted for universal understudies: the Clarendon Fund Scholarships and the Rhodes Scholarships. More than 130 nationalities are spoken to among the understudy body: 17,664 understudies in habitation. More than one fourth of these understudies are from abroad. The greater part of worldwide understudies originate from nations, for example, USA, Germany, China, Canada, Australia, Greece, India and France. Scholastics With more than 45 scholarly courses, the most mainstream "majors" at Oxford are English; Chemistry; Jurisprudence; Mathematics; Modern History; Medical Sciences; Modern Languages; Philosophy, Politics and Economics; and Physics.

Affirmations prerequisites for undergrad programs include: - Excellent High School records (or identical) - Grades AAB or AAA in British A Levels; or - 38 focuses in the International Baccaleurate with 6s and 7s in the larger amount subjects; or - Grades 4 or 5 in two or more Advanced Placement tests (for US candidates); or - SAT I and SAT II scores (700 for all areas) - ACT scores of no less than 32/36 (for US candidates) can substitute SAT I scores. - Written Tests or Written Work (when required) - Interview "As a rule we are searching for hopefuls who are in the main 5% of school leavers across the country; and best candidates will be in the main 2%." - Oxford Admissions At the undergrad level, English dialect tests, for example, the TOEFL exam are not required. Nonetheless, schools emphatically energize global understudies whose local dialect is not English to submit TOEFL or IELTS scores. As a rule, universities are searching for at least 650 (paper-based) or 275 (PC based) in the TOEFL test, or 7.5 in the IELTS in tuning in, perusing, talking and composing. Confirmation necessities for graduate projects include: - A Bachelor's degree with a first or upper menial respects - At the graduate level, TOEFL, IELTS or Cambridge (CPE) scores are required for candidates whose local dialect is not English. - Other affirmation necessities determined by the scholarly program.

Annual educational cost expenses for college understudies incorporate college and school charges. College charges fluctuate as per the scholarly course chose and extend amongst £8,800 and £11,800. Non-EU understudies are likewise surveyed a £5,700 school charge. Educational cost charges for graduate understudies incorporate roughly £10,775 for most humanities, arithmetic and sociology programs; £22,570 for clinical pharmaceutical projects; and £28,000 for MBA programs. School expenses shift from school to school, yet ought not surpass £4,500. It is suggested that understudies spending plan around £9,250 for lodging, dinners and other everyday costs.

Oxford is the second most seasoned surviving college on the planet and most seasoned in English talking world. It is otherwise called the pride of United Kingdom. As indicated by National Student Survey 2010, Oxford had an all in all fulfillment rating of 93 for each penny.

University of California

Berkeley is one of the first class colleges over the globe. More than 350 projects are offered to 36,000 understudies and the college is best known for the PhDs it delivers every year. There are 77 Fulbright Scholars, 39-Members of the American Philosophical Society, 32 MacArthur Fellows, and 22 Nobel Laureates and among the Nobel laureates 8 of them are available employees.

In the event that there is one college in the condition of California that has kept up numerous school conventions for every one of these years, it is the University of California at Berkeley, otherwise called Berkeley, UC Berkeley California, or just Cal. This college, which was built up in 1868, was the primary state funded college in the state to be known as the University of California. These days, in any case, University of California framework is made out of numerous UC colleges the whole way across the state. One of the conventions that adhered to Cal since its establishment is the school hues, which are gold and blue.

The authors of Berkeley picked gold to speak to the Golden State and blue, which originated from Yale blue, on the grounds that the greater part of the organizers of this college originated from Yale. As far back as the athletic groups of the University of California at Berkeley began to join intercollegiate amusements in 1882, they as of now wore gold and blue. The school's games groups, graduated class, and understudies are known as the Golden Bears. It began in 1895 when the olympic style events group awed many individuals by winning five of the eight rivalries. As a consequence of the astounding wins, Berkeley got to be referred to over the US as an imposing games group.

To pay tribute to the dazzling execution of the olympic style events group that year, UC Berkeley teacher Charles Mills Gayley made a tune entitled "The Golden Bear." Since then, the California sports groups have been called by that name. Berkeley's mascots before 1941 were live bear offspring. In any case, for the wellbeing of the onlookers, the school chose to utilize costumed mascots. In 1941, Oski the Bear, the official mascot of Berkeley, was presented. The name of the mascot originated from the Oski-amazing wow holler. These days, there is an Oski Committee whose sole design is to deal with the ensemble furthermore to keep mystery the personality of the individual wearing it. With a specific end goal to watch the Big C - which was frequently vandalized by understudies of Stanford College - and different customs and school spirits of Cal, the UC Rally Committee was set up in 1901. The individuals from this board of trustees have dependably been available at fundamental soul and games occasions, they are accused of keeping up and administering to the vast California pennant, the Big C, the California Victory Canon, Card Stunts, and the five Cal banners. Besides, the Rally Committee is likewise in charge of keeping the Stanford Ax at whatever point it is in the ownership of the University of California at Berkeley.

The California Victory Cannon and the Card Stunts are two of the first Cal school conventions. The triumph gun, initially utilized as a part of the Big Game in 1963, is shot toward the begin of each football coordinate, each time the Golden Bears scored, furthermore after a win. The first occasion when that the gun came up short on ammo was on September 7, 1991 when the Golden Bears won a match against the Pacific. The Card Stunt, otherwise called the cheap seat trick, is something that Cal understudies imagined. The card stunts, comprise of a blue Big C and a Stanford Ax picture, were initially directed amid a 1910 Big Game.

Harvard University

Harvard University, named after John Harvard, was built up in 1636 in Cambridge. It is the most seasoned private college in US. Best known for its graduate school, business college and restorative school, the college additionally offers differed choices to look over. At the under graduate level, understudies can pick amongst African and African American Studies, Anthropology, Chemistry, Economics, Engineering and Applied Sciences, History, Music, Psychology, Sociology and Women, Gender and Sexuality. Learning of an outside dialect and a written work course is necessary in the main year. At the PG level, you can settle on any of the schools - Harvard Business School, Divinity School, Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Harvard Graduate School of Design, Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard Graduate Law School, Harvard Graduate Medical School, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health. Harvard University is licensed by the NEASC-CI HE. Online courses are additionally accessible for the individuals who can't go to it on grounds. To get affirmation you need a SAT score of 2080-2370 or ACT score of 31-34.

This prestigious American college is situated in Massachusetts. Harvard, set up in 1636 is the most seasoned foundation of higher learning in USA. It was the main college for most recent seven years, right now is on second position over the globe. Eight US presidents, Martin Van Buren have moved on from Harvard University. It has biggest scholastic library in the United States. Harvard has been dream destination for a considerable length of time for understudies over the World, willing to ponder in USA.

Harvard University is the most seasoned and, ostensibly, the most prestigious college in the United States. In 2005, the Times Higher Education Supplement and the Academic Ranking of World Universities both positioned Harvard University first among the colleges of the world. What's more, the US News and World Report rankings set Harvard at the highest priority on the rundown in a tie with Princeton. In addition, with a monetary gift of $25.5 billion in 2005, Harvard is viewed as the wealthiest college in the United States and on the planet. Situated at Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard was established in 1663, joined as "The President and Fellows of Harvard College." It was named Harvard College in 1639 after John Harvard, a youthful minister and the foundation's first key giver. John Harvard, a result of Emmanuel College in Cambridge, left in his will a few hundred pounds and a couple of hundred books to the school, which shaped the establishment of its school library accumulation.

On record, the primary referred to authority reference to Harvard as a "college" as opposed to a school was in 1780 in the Massachusetts Constitution. Amid his residency as Harvard president from 1869 to 1909, Charles Park founded various radical changes that made the college into what was then known as the present day research college. Among his changes were elective courses, little classes and placement tests. Inferable from its effective usage of these changes, Harvard served as the model that affected the American instructive framework enormously, both at the school and optional levels.

In 1999, Radcliffe College, which was initially established as the "Harvard Annex" for ladies, was formally converged with Harvard University to frame the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. Today, Harvard has the fourth biggest library accumulation on the planet and the biggest money related blessing of any scholastic foundation. It records more than 6,000 undergrad and 13,000 postgraduate understudies and a staff of 2,300. Its understood witticism is "veritas" or truth. Since 1875, the official school shading is blood red and that is likewise the name given to Harvard sports groups and also the day by day school daily paper, The Harvard Crimson Tide.

Harvard University is famous for its law program, yet in truth, every one of its specialties are amazingly prominent. Other than being the most seasoned organization in the nation, Harvard is likewise the institute of matriculation of surely understood figures, for example, John Adams, Theodore Roosevelt, and Al Gore. The college endeavors to persistently push its understudies to enhance, take in more, and test themselves. Like Cambridge, Harvard is additionally peppered with libraries and historical centers, including Museum of Natural History. Celebrated For: respectable degrees, for example, law and prescription Course Fees: $48,000 a year, including wellbeing administrations, understudy administrations, room, and board How to Apply: To be acknowledged, you should be on the main 10 percentile in your secondary school class. You ought to likewise have a score of 2,080 to 2,370 (SAT) or 31 to 34 (ACT).

Harvard University is a measuring stick to quantify the examination models of others. This is one of the head places of instruction that has been ever tested. Situated in the Cambridge, US the University was established in 1636. The school built up its assets from $4.6 billion to $25.8 billion in the most recent 15 years under the initiative of Jack Mayer. Other than money related riches, the genuine fortunes of the Premier University are the 47 Nobel Laureates, 48 Pulitzer Prize champs, 32 Heads of State it has created from its law, therapeutic and business colleges. The school brags on its Widener Library - the world's most prominent scholastic library with more than 6 million volumes of books of various controls. 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Early developments

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Founded in 1861 in response to the increasing demand of Industries in the United States, MIT adopted a European university model and stressed laboratory instruction in applied science and engineering.MIT was informally called "Boston Tech"

 Despite chronic financial problems, the institute saw growth in the last two decades of the 19th century under President Francis Amasa Walker The current 168-acre campus opened in 1916 and extends over 1.6 km along the northern bank of the Charles River. Programs in electrical, chemical, marine, and sanitary engineering were introduced new buildings were built, and the size of the student body increased to more than one thousand. MIT, with five schools and one college which contain a total of 32 departments, is often cited as among the world's top universities. The Institute is traditionally known for its research and education in the sciences and engineering, and more recently in biology, economics, linguistics, and management.

 As of 2015, 85 Nobel laureates recipients, 52 National Medal of Science recipients, 65 Marshall Scholars recipients, 45 Rhodes Scholars recipients, 38 MacArthur Fellows recipients, 34 astronauts, 19 Turing award recipients, and 6 Fields Medalists have been affiliated with MIT. The school has a strong entrepreneurial environment, and the aggregated revenues of companies founded by MIT alumni would rank as the eleventh-largest economy in the world.

 There would be at least six attempts to absorb MIT into Harvard. In its cramped Back Bay location,

 MIT could not afford to expand its overcrowded facilities, driving a desperate search for a new campus and funding. In 1916, the MIT administration and the MIT charter crossed the Charles River on the ceremonial barge Bucentaur built for the occasion,[37][38] to signify MIT's move to a spacious new campus largely consisting of filled land on a mile-long tract along the Cambridge side of the Charles River. Eventually the MIT Corporation approved a formal agreement to merge with Harvard, over the vehement objections of MIT faculty, students, and alumni.However, a 1917 decision by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court effectively put an end to the merger scheme.

Curricular reforms

In the 1930s, President Mr.Karl Taylor  and Vice-President Mr.Vannevar Bush emphasized the importance of pure sciences like physics and chemistry and reduced the vocational practice required in shops and drafting studios. The Compton reforms "renewed confidence in the ability of the Institute to develop leadership in science as well as in engineering. MIT catered more to middle-class families,and depended more on  tution than other grans for its funding. The school was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1934.

 Still, as late as 1949, the Lewis Committee lamented in its report on the state of education at MIT that "the Institute is widely conceived as basically a vocational school", a "partly unjustified" perception the committee sought to change. The report comprehensively reviewed the undergraduate curriculum, recommended offering a broader education, and warned against letting engineering and government-sponsored research detract from the sciences and humanities

Defense research

 MIT's involvement in military R&D surged during World War II In 1941, Mr Bush was appointed head of the federal office of scientific research and development and directed funding to only a select group of universities, including MIT. Engineers and scientists from across the country gathered at MIT's Laboratory, established in 1940 to assist the British military in developing microwave radar. The work done there significantly affected both the war and subsequent research in the area Other

 defence projects included gyroscope based control system. The development of a digital computer for flight simulations and high speed and high altitude photography.By the end of the war, MIT became the nation's largest wartime R&D contractor.

Housing

Undergraduates are guaranteed four-year housing in one of MIT's 12  dormitories for under graduate. Those living on campus can receive support and mentoring from live-in graduate student tutors, resident advisors, and faculty housemasters. Because housing assignments are made based on the preferences of the students themselves, diverse social atmospheres can be sustained in different living groups; for example, according to the Yale Daily News staff's The Insider's Guide to the Colleges, 2010, "The split between East Campus and West Campus is a significant characteristic of MIT. East Campus has gained a reputation as a thriving counterculture."]MIT also has 5 dormitories for single graduate students and 2 apartment buildings on campus for married student families. MIT has an active Greek and co-operative housing system, including thirty-six fraternities sororities, and independent living groups (FSILGs). As of 2015, 98% of all undergraduates lived in MIT-affiliated housing; 54% of the men participated in fraternities and 20% of the women were involved in sororities. Most FSILGs are located across the river in back bay near where MIT was founded, and there is also a cluster of fraternities on MIT's West Campus that face the Charles River Basin.

Organization and administration

 MIT is chartered as a non-profit organization and is owned and governed by a privately appointed trustee’s board known as the MIT Corporation. The current board consists of 43 members elected to five-year terms, 25 life members who vote until their 75th birthday, 3 elected officers (President, Treasurer, and Secretary), and 4 ex office members (the president of the alumni association, the Governor of Massachusetts, the Massachusetts Secretary of Education, and the Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Judicial court. The board is chaired by Mr Robert, a co-founder of Communication Holding. The Corporation approves the budget, new programs, degrees and faculty appointments, and elects the President to serve as the chief executive officer of the university and preside over the Institute's faculty. MIT's assets and endowments are managed through a subsidiary called MIT Investment Management Company Valued at $9.7 billion in 2011, MIT's endowment is the sixth-largest among American colleges and universities assert substantial control over many areas of MIT's curriculum, research, student life, and administrative affairs, the chair of each of MIT's 32 academic departments reports to the dean of that department's school, who in turn reports to the Provost under the President.

Academics

 MIT is a large, highly residential, research university with a majority of enrolments in graduate and professional programs. The university has been accredited by the NEASC since 1929. MIT operates on a 4–1–4 academic calendar with the fall semester beginning after Labour Day and ending in mid-December, a 4-week "Independent Activities Period" in the month of January, and the spring semester beginning in early February and ending in late May.MIT students refer to both their majors and classes using numbers or acronyms alone. Departments and their corresponding majors are numbered in the approximate order of their foundation; for example, Civil and Environmental Engineering is Course 1, while Linguistics and Philosophy is Course 24. Students majoring in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), the most popular department, collectively identify themselves as "Course 6". MIT students use a combination of the department's course number and the number assigned to the class to identify their subjects

Undergraduate program

 All undergraduates are required to complete a core curriculum called the General Institute Requirements. The Science Requirement, generally completed during freshman year as prerequisites for classes in science and engineering majors, comprises two semesters of physics, two semesters of calculus, one semester of chemistry, and one semester of biology. There is a Laboratory Requirement, usually satisfied by an appropriate class in a course major. The Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences Requirement consists of eight semesters of classes in the humanities, arts, and social sciences, including at least one semester from each division as well as the courses required for a designated concentration in a HASS division. Under the Communication Requirement, two of the HASS classes, plus two of the classes taken in the designated major must be "communication-intensive", including "substantial instruction and practice in oral presentation". Finally, all students are required to complete a swim test non-varsity athletes must also take four quarters of physical education classes. Most classes rely on a combination of lectures, recitations led by associate professors or graduate students, weekly problem sets ("p-sets"), and periodic quizzes or tests. While the pace and difficulty of MIT coursework has been compared to "drinking from a fire hose", the freshmen retention rate at MIT is similar other research universities. The "pass/no-record" grading system relieves some pressure for first-year undergraduates. For each class taken in the fall term, freshmen transcripts will either report only that the class was passed, or otherwise not have any record of it. In the spring term, passing grades (A, B, C) appear on the transcript while non-passing grades are again not recorded.

Graduate program

 MIT's graduate program has high coexistence with the undergraduate program, and many courses are taken by qualified students at both levels. MIT offers a comprehensive doctoral program with degrees in the humanities, social sciences, and STEM Field as well as professional degrees. The Institute offers graduate programs leading to academic degrees such as the Master of Science (MS),

 various Engineer's Degrees, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), and Doctor of Science (ScD) and interdisciplinary graduate programs such as the MD-Phd. Admission to graduate programs is decentralized; applicants apply directly to the department or degree program. More than 90% of doctoral students are supported by fellowships, research assistantships (RAs), or teaching assistantships. MIT awarded 1,547 master's degrees and 609 doctoral degrees in the academic year 2010–11. In the 2011 fall term, the School of Engineering was the most popular academic division, enrolling 45.0% of graduate students, followed by the Sloan School of Management (19%), School of Science (16.9%), School of Architecture and Planning (9.2%), Whitaker College of Health Sciences (5.1%), and School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences (4.7%). The largest graduate degree programs were the Sloan Master Business Administration, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Mechanical Engineering.

People

Students

 

MIT enrolled 4,384 undergraduates and 6,510 graduate students in 2011–2012. Women constituted 45 percent of undergraduate students. Undergraduate and graduate students were drawn from all 50 states as well as 115 foreign countries. MIT received 17,909 applications for admission to the undergraduate Class of 2015; 1,742 were admitted (9.7 percent) and 1128 enrolled (64.8 percent).19,446 applications were received for graduate and advanced degree program across all departments; 2,991 were admitted (15.4 percent) and 1,880 enrolled (62.8 percent).The interquartile range on the SAT was 2090–2340 and 97 percent of students ranked in the top tenth of their high school graduating class. 97 percent of the Class of 2012 returned as sophomores;82 percent of the Class of 2007 graduated within 4 years, and 93 percent (91 percent of the men and 95 percent of the women) graduated within 6 years Undergraduate tuition and fees total $40,732 and annual expenses are estimated at $52,507 as of 2012. 62 percent of students received need-based financial aid in the form of scholarships and grants from federal, state, institutional, and external sources averaging $38,964 per student. Students were awarded a total of $102 million in scholarships and grants, primarily from institutional support $84 million. The annual increase in expenses has led to a student tradition (dating back to the 1960s) of tongue-in-cheek "tuition riots".MIT has been nominally co-educational since admitting Ms.Ellen Swallow Richards in 1870. Richards also became the first female member of MIT's faculty, specializing in sanitary chemistry. Female students remained a minority prior to the completion of the first wing of a women's dormitory, Women currently outnumber men in Biology, Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Architecture, Urban Planning,

and Biological Engineering.

Faculty and staff

 

As of 2013, MIT had 1,030 faculty members, of whom 225 were women Faculty are responsible for lecturing classes, advising both graduate and undergraduate students, and sitting on academic committees, as well as conducting original research.Between 1964 and 2009, a total of seventeen faculty and staff members affiliated with MIT were awarded Nobel Prizes (thirteen in the last 25 years). MIT Faculty members past or present have won a total of twenty-seven Nobel Prizes, the majority in Economics or Physics. As of October 2013, among current faculty and teaching staff there are 67 Guggenheim Fellows, 6 Fulbright Scholars, and 22 Mac Artur Fellows. Faculty members who have made extraordinary contributions to their research field as well as the MIT community are granted appointments as Institute Professors for the remainder of their tenures.A 1998 MIT study concluded that a systemic bias against female faculty existed in its School of Science, although the study's methods were controversial.Since the study, though, women have headed departments within the Schools of Science and of Engineering, and MIT has appointed several female vice presidents, although allegations of sexism continue to be made. Susan HockField, was MIT's president from 2004 to 2012 and was the first woman to hold the post.Tenure outcomes have vaulted MIT into the national spotlight on several occasions. The 1984 dismissal of Mr. David F Noble, a historian of technology, became a cause celebre about the extent to which academics are granted freedom of speech after he published several books and papers critical of MIT's and other research universities' reliance upon financial support from corporations and the military.Former materials science

professor Gretchen Kalonji sued MIT in 1994 alleging that she was denied tenure because of sexual discrimination. Several years later, the lawsuit was settled with undisclosed payments, and establishment of a project to encourage women and minorities to seek faculty positions. In 1997, the Massachusetts Commission against discrimination issued a probable cause finding supporting UMass Boston Professor James Jennings' allegations of racial discrimination after a senior faculty search committee in the Department of Urban Studies and Planning did not offer him reciprocal tenure. In 2006–2007, MIT's denial of tenure to African-American stem cell scientist professor Mr. James Sherley reignited accusations of racism in the tenure process, eventually leading to a protracted public dispute with the administration, a brief hunger strike, and the resignation of Professor Mr.Frank L. Douglas in protest.  After Sherley was initially denied tenure, his case was examined three times before the university established that neither racial discrimination nor conflict of interest affected the decision. Twenty-one of Sherley's colleagues issued a statement yesterday saying that the professor was treated fairly in tenure review." MIT faculty members have often been recruited to lead other colleges and universities. Founding faculty member Mr. Charles W Eliot was recruited in 1869 to become president of Harvard University, a post he would hold for 40 years, during which he wielded considerable influence on both American higher education and secondary education.

California Institute of Technology

Early developments

The California Institute of Technology known as Caltech is a private university located in Pasadena, California, United States. Although founded as a preparatory and vocational school by Mr. Amos G. Throop in 1891, the college attracted influential scientists such as Mr. Grorge Ellery Hale, Mr.Arthur Amos Noyes, and Mr. Robert Andrews Milikan in the early 20th century. The vocational and preparatory schools were disbanded and spun off in 1910,

 and the college assumed its present name in 1921.Caltech has six academic divisions with strong emphasis on science and engineering, managing $332 million in 2011 in sponsored research. Its 124-acre (50 ha) primary campus is located approximately 11 mi (18 km) northeast of downtown Los Angeles. First-year students are required to live on campus, and 95% of undergraduates remain in the on-campus House System at Caltech. Although Caltech has a strong tradition of practical jokes and pranks student life is governed by an honour code which allows faculty to assign take exam at home. Caltech is frequently cited as one of the world's best universities. Despite its small size, 33 Caltech alumni and faculty have won a total of 34 Noble Prizes, 5 Field Medalists,6 Turning Award winners have been affiliated with the university, and 71 have won the United States National Medal of Science of technology.Under the leadership of Hale, Noyes and Millikan, Caltech grew to national prominence in the 1920s and concentrated on the development of Roosevelt's "Hundredth Man". On November 29, 1921, the trustees declared it to be the express policy of the Institute to pursue scientific research of the greatest importance and at the same time "to continue to conduct thorough courses in engineering and pure science, basing the work of these courses on exceptionally strong instruction in the fundamental sciences of mathematics, physics, and chemistry; broadening and enriching the curriculum by a liberal amount of instruction in such subjects as English, history, and economics; and vitalizing all the work of the Institute by the infusion in generous measure of the spirit of research.

21st century

Since 2000, the Einstein Papers Projects has been located at Caltech. The project was established in 1986 to assemble, preserve, translate, and publish papers selected from the literary estate of Albert Einstein and from other collections.In fall 2008, the freshman class was 42% female, a record for Caltech's undergraduate enrolment. In the same year, the Institute concluded a six-year-long fund-raising campaign. The campaign raised more than $1.4  billion from about 16,000 donors. Nearly half of the funds went into the support of Caltech programs and projects.

Campus

Caltech's 124-acre (50 ha) primary campus is located in Pasadena California, approximately 11 miles (18 km) northeast of downtown Las Angeles. It is within walking distance of old town Pasadena and the Pasadena Playhouse districts and therefore the two locations are frequent getaways for Caltech students.In 1917 Hale hired architect Bertram Goodhue  to produce a master plan for the 22 acres (8.9 ha) campus. Goodhue conceived the overall layout of the campus and designed the physics building, Dabney Hall, and several other structures, in which he sought to be consistent with the local climate, the character of the school, and Hale's educational philosophy. Goodhue's designs for Caltech were also influenced by the traditional Spanish mission architecture of Southern California.In 1971 a 6.6 earthquake in san Fernando caused some damage to the Caltech campus. Engineers who evaluated the damage found that two historic buildings dating from the early days of the Institute—Throop Hall and the Goodhue-designed Culbertson Auditorium—had cracked. These were some of the first  reinforce concrete buildings, and their plans did not contain enough details to be sure they were safe, so the engineers recommended demolition. However, demolishing these historic structures required considerably more effort than would have been necessary had they been in real danger of collapse. A large wrecking ball was used to demolish Throop Hall, and smashing the concrete revealed massive  amounts of rebar, far in excess of safety requirements. The rebar had to be cut up before the pieces could be hauled away, and the process took much longer than expected.

Organization and administration

Caltech is incorporated as a non-profit corporation and is governed by a privately appointed 46-member board of trustees who serve five-year terms of office and retire at the age of 72. The Trustees elect a President to serve as the chief executive officer of the Institute and administer the affairs on the Institute on behalf of the board, a Provost who serves as the chief academic officer of the Institute below the President, and ten other vice presidential and other senior positions. Mr.Thomas F Rosenbaum  was announced  to be the ninth president of Caltech on October 24, 2013, and his term began on July 1, 2014. Caltech's endowment is governed by a permanent Trustee committee and administered by an Investment Office.The Institute is organized into six primary academic divisions: Biology and Biological Engineering, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Engineering and Applied Science, Geological and Planetary Sciences, Humanities and Social Sciences, and Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy. The voting faculty of Caltech include all professors, instructors, research associates and fellows, and the University Librarian. Faculty are responsible for establishing admission requirements,  academic standards, and curricula. The Faculty Board is the faculty's representative body and consists of 18 elected faculty representatives as well as other senior administration officials. Full-time professors are expected to teach classes, conduct research, advise students,  and perform administrative work such as serving on committees.

Academics

Caltech is a small four-year, highly residential research university with a slight majority in graduate programs. The Institute has been accredited by the Western Association of School and Colleges since 1949. Caltech is on the quarter system, the fall term starts in late September and ends before Christmas, the second term starts after New Year’s Day and ends in mid-March, and the third term starts in late March or early April and ends in early June. Caltech is ranked 1st internationally since 2011 by the Times Higher Education World University ranking. Caltech was ranked as the best university in the world in two categories:

 Engineering & Technology and Physical Sciences. It was also found to have the highest faculty citation rate in the world. 

 The United states national research Council released its latest Assessment of Research Doctorate Programs in 2010, and 23 of the 24 graduate programs of Caltech were ranked within the top four programs in the nation in their size quartile as determined by  both the R95 and S95 rankings. Of particular note, programs that were placed within the top 10% of all size programs in that  field based on an average of the R95 and S95 rank order include Aeronautics, Astrophysics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics,  Bioengineering, Biology, Chemical Engineering, Chemistry, Electrical Engineering, Environmental Science and Engineering, Geology,  Geophysics, Materials Science, Mechanical Engineering, Physics, Planetary Science, and Economics.In 2013 a paper published in the  Quarterly Journal of Economics ranked Caltech 2nd in the U.S. for revealed preference. The sample of the study was 3240 high achieving  students .Rankings were based on number of students who accepted offered admission.

Undergraduate program

The full-time, four-year undergraduate program emphasizes instruction in the arts and sciences and has high graduate coexistence.Caltech offers 24 majors (called "options") and six minors across all six academic divisions.[68] Caltech also offers interdisciplinary 

programs in Applied Physics, Biochemistry, Bioengineering, Computation and Neural Systems, Control and Dynamical Systems, Environmental Science and Engineering, Geobiology and Astrobiology, Geochemistry, and Planetary Astronomy. The most popular options are Chemical Engineering, Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Physics Prior to the entering class of 2017, Caltech requires students 

 to take a core curriculum of 30 classes: five terms of mathematics, five terms of physics, two terms of chemistry, one term of biology,  a freshman elective "menu" course, two terms of introductory lab courses, 2 terms of science writing, and 12 terms of humanities. 

 The new core curriculum effective from the 2013-2014 academic year reduces the math and physics requirements to three terms each, but most option requirements still require about five terms of math and physics.A typical class is worth 9 academic units and given the extensive  core curriculum requirements in addition to individual options' degree requirements, students need to take an average of 40.5 units per term more than four classes in order to graduate in four years. 36 units is the minimum full-time load, 48 units is considered a heavy load,  and registrations above 54 units require an overload petition.[71] Approximately 20 percent of student’s double-major. This is achievable  since the humanities and social sciences majors have been designed to be done in conjunction with a science major. Although choosing  two options in the same division is discouraged, it is still possible.

Graduate program

The graduate instructional programs emphasize doctoral studies and are dominated by science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields. The Institute offers graduate degree programs for the Master of Science, Engineer's Degree, Doctor of Philosophy, BS/MS and MD/PhD, with  the majority of students in the PhD program. The most popular options are Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Electrical Engineering and  Chemical Engineering. Applicants for graduate studies are required to take the GRE. GRE Subject scores are either required or strongly  recommended by several options. A joint program between Caltech and the UCLA David Geffen School of medicine grants MD/PhD degrees. 

 Students in this program do their preclinical and clinical work at UCLA, and their PhD work with any member of the Caltech faculty,  including the Biology, Chemistry, and Engineering and Applied Sciences Divisions. The MD degree would be from UCLA and the PhD would 

 be awarded from Caltech.The research facilities at Caltech are available to graduate students, but there are opportunities for students to work in facilities of other universities, research centers as well as private industries. The graduate student to faculty ratio is 4:1.

Approximately 99 percent of doctoral students have full financial support. Financial support for graduate students comes in the form of fellowships, research assistantships, teaching assistantships or a combination of fellowship and assistantship support.Graduate students 

 are bound by the Honor Code, as are the undergraduates, and the Graduate Honor Council oversees any violations of the code.

People

Students

Caltech enrolled 983 undergraduate students and 1,226 graduate students for the 2014–2015 school year. Women made up 36% of the undergraduate and 26% of the graduate student body.The four-year graduation rate is 79% and the six-year rate is 92%, which is low compared to most leading U.S. universities, but substantially higher than it was in the 1960s and 1970s. Students majoring in Stem field traditionally have graduation rates below 70%.

   

Faculty and staff

 

33% of the faculty are members of the National Academy Of Science or Engineering and/or fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Science. This is the highest percentage of any faculty in the country with the exception of the graduate institution.Rockefeller University.The average salary for assistant  professors at Caltech is $111,300, associate professors  $121,300, and full professors $172,800. Caltech faculty are highly productive in the fields of applied physics, astronomy and astrophysics, biology, biochemistry,biological engineering,chemical engineering, computer science, geology,mechanical engineering and   physics.